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India and Armenia: Strengthening Strategic Partnerships in a Multipolar World
In the intricate web of geopolitics in the South Caucasus, Armenia is navigating its path amid shifting alliances and volatile borders. Situated between Russia, Iran, and Türkiye, Armenia faces mounting challenges, including its deteriorating relationship with Russia, volatility along its borders, and the loss of its exclave Artsakh in 2023. To address these challenges, Armenia has intensified its partnerships with nations like the United States, France, Iran, and India.
Among these, the burgeoning strategic relationship between India and Armenia stands out, driven not only by geopolitical imperatives but also by Armenia’s domestic growth in defence deep-tech. This article delves into the dynamics of this partnership, highlighting mutual interests and the opportunities it presents for regional stability.
The Armenia-India Strategic Convergence
India’s evolving partnership with Armenia is anchored in three immediate strategic reasons:
India as a Defence and Security Partner India offers significant advantages as a reliable defence partner. Armenia has sought India’s expertise and collaboration in acquiring advanced defence systems, particularly in light of its security challenges with Türkiye-backed Azerbaijan.
Armenia’s Defence Deep-Tech Ecosystem Armenia is channeling its historical scientific and engineering legacy from the Soviet era into building a defence deep-tech ecosystem. This growth, catalyzed by geopolitical pressures and domestic innovation, has opened opportunities for India to collaborate with Armenia in advanced technology domains, including unmanned systems, surveillance, and missile technologies.
Shared Regional Security Concerns Both nations share concerns about the Turkish-Pakistani security nexus, which poses a threat to Armenia’s territorial integrity and regional stability. Additionally, India sees in Armenia a partner to counterbalance these influences and to ensure the stability of connectivity projects in Central Asia and beyond.
Armenia’s Defence Deep-Tech Landscape
Armenia’s evolution into a defence deep-tech hub is a testament to its resilience and adaptability:
Soviet Legacy to Modern Innovation Armenia’s historical role as a scientific and engineering center during the Soviet Union laid the foundation for its current ambitions. Institutions and engineers with decades of expertise now focus on developing indigenous defence capabilities.
Catalysts for Growth The loss of Artsakh and successive conflicts have driven Armenia to invest heavily in its domestic defence industry. This includes collaborations between the government and private sector to create advanced technologies that address its unique security challenges.
Domestic and Global Ambitions Armenia aims to reduce reliance on external arms suppliers while positioning itself as a niche player in the global defence market. This aligns well with India’s “Make in India” initiative, opening avenues for bilateral collaboration.
Geopolitical Opportunities for India
The India-Armenia partnership has far-reaching implications:
Strategic Leverage A stronger Armenia helps India counterbalance the growing Turkish influence in the Caucasus, especially given Türkiye’s deepening ties with Pakistan.
Connectivity and Stability Armenia is pivotal to regional connectivity projects, including the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), which holds significant promise for India’s trade ambitions in Central Asia and Europe.
Collaborative Defence Innovation Armenia’s indigenous efforts in defence deep-tech complement India’s aspirations to co-develop and co-produce advanced systems, benefiting both nations.
Challenges to the Partnership
Despite the opportunities, challenges persist:
Geopolitical Complexities Armenia’s delicate balancing act between Russia, Iran, and Western powers could create hurdles in fully aligning with India.
Technological and Resource Constraints Both countries face resource limitations in scaling up their defence collaboration, particularly in high-tech sectors.
Regional Volatility The enduring tensions in the South Caucasus remain a significant risk to stability and long-term partnerships.
Recommendations for Growth
To strengthen their partnership, India and Armenia should:
Enhance Defence Cooperation Expand joint research and development initiatives, particularly in niche areas like AI-driven systems, drones, and cyber defence.
Foster Technology Transfers Facilitate technology-sharing agreements to bolster Armenia’s defence capabilities while opening export markets for India.
Prioritize Strategic Dialogue Establish a regular dialogue mechanism to address shared security concerns and foster mutual trust.
Support Regional Connectivity Invest in projects that ensure Armenia’s connectivity to India and Central Asia through the INSTC.
Conclusion
The partnership between India and Armenia reflects a strategic alignment shaped by mutual security concerns and a shared vision for regional stability. By leveraging Armenia’s defence deep-tech ecosystem and India’s technological prowess, the two nations can build a robust partnership that not only addresses their immediate challenges but also strengthens their positions in the evolving multipolar world order. This collaboration is not just an investment in bilateral relations but also a step towards ensuring regional peace and connectivity.
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In "OPINION"
Ashutosh Dubey
legal journalist,Public Affair Advisor AND Founding Editor - kanishksocialmedia-BROADCASTING MEDIA PRODUCTION COMPANY,LEGAL PUBLISHER